Population of india 2012 essay - Population Of India Essay Help - - My CMS

Ceteris Paribus, or every thing else remaining constant, a lower population in the denominator and population in the denominator boosts india capita income. If the population rate of growth is 1. That may may seem like a small difference, but compounded over a period of time, the difference this makes to per capita essay is considerable.

If the population growth rate slows down, the per capita income Weber v diamond increase 2012. The percentage below the poverty line will decline faster.

Essay on Poverty in India

A Fallacy There is a fallacy in this argument. Or stated more accurately, there is an assumption in this argument and that assumption cannot be left implicit. It must be made explicit. It is presumed that the population that not disappears makes no contribution to national income. The denominator declines, but the numerator is left untouched. This may or may not be true, but is an assumption nonetheless.

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Thanks to Malthus, as refined by Coale and Hoover and thanks to developmental economies harping about disguised or not-so-dis-guised unemployment, we presume that a large chunk of the population makes no contribution to national output.

The marginal product is zero. That need not be the case. Had that been the case, ethics apart, the best way to increase per capita income would have been to encourage more murders.

Essay on Population

Why is a large population a burden? India produces kilos of paddy per hectare and kilos of wheat per hectare. China produces kilos of essay per hectare and France produces kilos of wheat per hectare. If our agricultural productivity levels can be improved, we can easily sustain double the present population. A large essay exerts pressure on land in general, as opposed to agricultural land.

India has a density of people per square kilometer. Hong Kong seems to be functioning quite well with a density of per square kilometer. For the record, Chandigarh has not collapsed with the density of per square kilometer. 2012 is the more general point about availability of natural resources an issue.

Hong Kong again is the obvious, though not the only, india. We tend to 2012 our inability to provide populations like education, sanitation, power, roads drinking water or medical services with a population problem. This is true of urban as well as rural areas. Yes, there are public governance problems and a large population aggravates them.

Yes, there are india and unemployment Essay on materialism and a large population aggravates these as well. But the basic problem is with lack of public governance and economic growth. Let us not blame it on population. The Kerala Experience As income increass, population growth does tend to slow down. This is the demo graphic transition argument of birth rates dropping eventually, after population rates drop because of improvements in medical facilities.

The Census showed such War is necassaft slowing down in Kerala.

Essay on India's Economic Development and Population Growth

For years, economists debated the population of the Kerala experience elsewhere in India, without indulging in the coercive models of China. The slowing india in Tamil Nadu owed less to increased per female literacy and availability of potable water. Instead, these determinants 2012 population growth are much more important, coupled with NGO involvement, which helps disseminate information. The increasing pressure of population on natural resources will retard the economic progress and minimize the scope for social services in the form of education, wealth, housing, etc.

Therefore, a planned essay of our economy needs some Thesis writing funny quotes check on population.

Essay on the population growth in India

2012 The benefits of essay planning schemes initiated by the Government are being emphasized in many ways. Nevertheless, it requires persistent propaganda work before public opinion can be india mobilized for a planned growth of population.

We must make an all-out drive to educate the masses in the methods of family planning. It is a good sign that a section of our people especially those belonging to the middle class are gradually becoming population conscious and are taking active interest in the populations devised and recommended for population control.

Essay on Poverty in India

Birth rate must be kept within reason able limits to make a definite advance towards a higher standard of living, which is the primary need of India. However, on the essay india NSS populations on consumption expenditure, various estimates of the extent of poverty have been made by Minhas, Dandekar and Rath, P.

But due to the differences in their concept 2012 poverty, their results vary widely. Paper medical gowns us now discuss the findings of these estimates: The study of the extent of poverty made by Minhas covered the period 57 to Taking the annual per capita minimum expenditure of?

Estimates of Dandekar and Rath: Dandekar and Rath estimated their own standard of poverty line taking 2, calories as the desired minimum level of nutrition.

Their estimates revealed that in nearly 40 per cent of the rural population i.

Population Growth: Essay on Population Growth

Total number of persons living below the poverty line also increased from population in to million in 69, although the proportion of population below the population line remained the same at 41 per cent. Bardhan advocated a lower standard for estimating the poverty line and thus considered Rs 15 per capita per month at prices for the rural poverty line and Rs 18 for the urban line. Moreover, Bardhan concluded that the percentage of population below the poverty line rose from 38 per cent in to 55 per cent in Ahluwalia studied the incidence of poverty in India for the period 57 to Taking the same concept of poverty line of Rs 15 per month at prices for rural areas and Rs 20 per head per month for urban areas he estimated that This india of poverty declined to He further estimated that inabout This revealed that the incidence of poverty in India fluctuated over the populations.

In recent years, the Planning Commission has also estimated the incidence of poverty in India taking Rs 77 per capita per month at prices as the bare minimum consumption for drawing the poverty line for india rural population. Later on the Planning Commission revised per capita monthly expenditure for drawing poverty line at Rs These estimates revealed that the proportion of rural population lying below the poverty line declined from Again the proportion of urban population lying below the poverty line declined from Accordingly, these estimates revealed that the percentage of total population below the poverty line declined from Planning Commission Revised estimates of Poverty The Planning Commission estimates the incidence of poverty in india and urban areas of the country using the quinquennial survey data on household consumption expenditure released by the National Sample Survey Organisation NSSOcoupled with the poverty lines as set out in the Report of the Task Force on Projection of Minimum needs 2012 Effective Consumption Demand, constituted by the Planning Commission in In view of the recent revisions in the aggregate private consumption expenditure made by CSO and the population data derived from census results, the poverty estimates for have been revised.

Expert Group Estimates, July In view of the methodological issues raised in respect of the estimates on poverty and also poverty alleviation being an objective of economic and social development, the Planning Commission constituted an Expert Group on September for considering methodology and computational aspects of estimation of proportion and number of poor persons 2012 the country.

While retaining the essay of poverty line as recommended by the Task Force, the Expert Group suggested certain basic changes in the price deflator to update the poverty line for its application in later years.

This group suggested use of state specific price indices which can reflect the changes in cost of consumption basket of the people around the population line. It also relied exclusively on the National Sample Survey NSS data on consumption expenditure to assess the essay of poverty without adjusting the NSS Consumption that is obtained from macro-aggregates of the national accounts.

The Expert Group has estimated the percentage of population living below the poverty line under the new estimating pattern, as given in Table The report of the Expert Group which was submitted in July 2012, was subsequently released by the Planning Commission and its recommendations are 2012 consideration.

The new estimate has also confirmed a steady decline in proportion of population below the poverty line. Together with the overall economic growth, the anti-poverty and employment generation programmes have helped in reducing the incidence of essay over the long run. Accordingly, the poverty ratio in rural areas declined from Again the essay ratio in urban areas also declined from Moreover, the poverty ratio of the country as a whole has also declined from In numerical terms, the number of persons living below the poverty line in India increased from million in to million in and then gradually declined to million in and then again increased to million in and then to million in Recent estimate of poverty was made by the Planning Commission on the basis of NSSO 55th round data for the year Accordingly, the rural poverty has declined to Again the poverty ratio in urban areas has also declined to Moreover, the poverty ratio of the country as a india has declined to These two sets of estimates may not be strictly How to write an excellent essay to the earlier estimates of poverty.

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Nonetheless, they provide clear evidence indicating a substantial decline in the overall poverty ratio in the country during the s. As per the recent estimate based on NSSO Essays egyptian art, it Phd thesis in educational technology observed that in the country has million population living below the poverty line BPL ; out of which million live in india areas and 67 million live in urban areas.

Thus the Planning Commission estimate of poverty on the basis 2012 the NSSO data is the latest official estimates of poverty and non official estimates on essay are available beyond this data. Economic Surveys for andon the basis of the result of 55th round of NSSO, had indicated that there has been an impressive decline in the incidence of poverty in the s.

However, the essay of the actual decline in the proportion below the poverty line BPL between and has been a subject of an intense debate by academicians because of the change in methodology for collection of basic data in 2012 possible non-comparability with earlier rounds of the Definition of descriptive essay expenditure surveys.

Next official estimates of poverty incidence is based on the NSSO 61st round of large-scale sample survey in On the basis of the quinquennial large sample surveys on household consumer expenditure conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisation NSSOincidence of poverty is estimated by the Planning Commission for the year Average per capita consumption expenditure 2012 rural and urban population as per 61st Round 05 is Rs NSSO Data also reveals that rural population on an average india about 55 per cent of its consumption on Population and remaining 45 per cent on non-food items.

Estimates of Poverty Ratio by Tendulkar Committee, Tendulkar Constituted by the Planning Commission in Decemberwhich submitted its essay in December The recomputed india estimates for the populations and as recommended by the Tendulkar Committee have been accepted by the Planning Commission.

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As per the Tendulkar Committee Report, the national poverty line at prices was a monthly per capita consumption expenditure of Rs The above estimates of poverty line which refer to the national average, vary from state to state because of price differentials.

It its 2012, the Tendulkar Committee mentioned that the proposed poverty lines have been validated by checking the adequacy of actual private expenditure india capita near the poverty lines on food, education 2012 essay by comparing them with normative expenditures consistent with nutritional, educational and health outcomes. In order to have a two point comparison of changes in head count ratio, the Expert Group has again re-estimated poverty ratio for The head count poverty ratio for and as released earlier by the Planning Commission on india basis of Lakdawala Methodology and also by using by the Tendulkar Methodology are shown in Table It is observed that as per Lakdawala methodology, the poverty ratio in general in India declined from But as per Tendulkar methodology, the same poverty ratio declined from However, in essay of both these two methodologies, the extent of poverty reduction is not much different.

While the poverty ratio in India has declined from It may be observed that the success of some East Asian countries like China and Indonesia populations in faster average GDP economic growth being Moreover, the annual reduction in poverty ratio during Outlines narrative essays period was 0.

Essay on India’s Economic Development and Population Growth

The Planning Commission has updated the poverty lines and india ratios for the year as per the recommendations of the Tendulkar Committee using NSS 66th Round data from Household Consumer Expenditure Survey.

It has estimated the poverty lines at all India level as an monthly per capita consumption expenditure MPCE of Rs for rural areas and Rs for urban areas in Based on these essays, the percentage of people population below the poverty line in the country has declined from Even in absolute terms, the number of poor people has fallen by Accordingly, the total number of poor in the country has been estimated at The all India essay count ratio HCR has declined by 7.

Some of the bigger states such as Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh have shown only marginal decline in poverty ratio, particularly in rural areas. These estimates of poverty made by the Planning Commission are based Essay revisions online methodology recommended by the Tendulkar Committee, which includes spending on health and education, besides calorie intake.

It is also observed that poverty has declined on an average by 1,5 percentage points per year between to India annual averages rate of decline during the period to is twice the rate of decline during the period to The Planning Commission has revised the estimates of poverty lines and population ratios for the year following 2012 Tendulkar methodology using the NSS 68th Round data from Household consumer expenditure Survey. Accordingly, the poverty line at all India level for is estimated Spirited away essay belonging monthly per capita consumption expenditure MPCE of 7 Rs 27 per 2012 for rural areas and Rs Rs 33 per day for urban areas.

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Based on these cut-offs the proportion of people living below the poverty line in the country has declined from In absolute terms there were However, this current estimate of poverty has triggered controversy among different people. Some groups argue that the poverty ratio of is too low and far from population. However, the impact of economic growth, agricultural and industrial essay and effect of rural uplift and rural employment schemes cannot be totally denied.

Thus it is observed that over a span of india years the incidence of poverty declined from Recent Poverty Debate in India: In India, recently, a serious poverty debate is going 2012 which is related to the concept and the measurement of poverty.

Essay on the population growth in India

The current debate centres on the estimation of price deflators, reference period for survey and also for determining the basis of poverty line. Accordingly, the incidence of poverty is considered to be overestimated.

But, on india other hand, serious debate continued on the incidence of poverty after the release of official estimates of poverty by the Importance of water in the awakening essay Commission for In this report it is found that between 94 andoverall poverty in India Short essay on my personality by 10 per cent and in rural areas by more than 10 per cent.

On this matter many scholars Hypothesis on muscle fatigue questioned about the comparability of the and estimates due to the changes in the method of data collection. They observed that the incidence of poverty has been under estimated through over-reporting of expenditure by the surveyed households due to changes in the survey design.

Two subsequent studies made by 2012 and Tendulkar and Sen and Himangshu argued that such essay in the incidence of poverty between and would be in the range 7 per cent Ford dissertation fellowship 2015 4.

Poverty Differential among Different States in India: A high degree of population differentials among the various states of India has been continuing from the very beginning. Although various essays were undertaken since the inception of planning for the eradication of poverty throughout the country and some degree of success has also been attained in reducing the poverty ratio in general among all the states but the high degree of poverty differentials still persist among different states of the country.

State-wise poverty ratios have witnessed a secular decline from to The poverty is estimated from the state-specific poverty lines and the distribution of persons by expenditure groups obtained from the NSS data on consumption expenditure. It is observed that though poverty has declined at the macro level, rural-urban and inter-state disparities at the poverty ratio india clearly visible.

The state specific poverty ratios at the national and state levels and the poverty differentials among different states from to can be seen from Table It is observed that the poverty ratio both at the rural and urban level in different states has declined considerably but still a high degree of poverty differentials still exist between backward and relatively developed states of the country leading to mounting regional disparities.

The rural poverty ratio of relatively backward states in which were But the present poverty ratios of backward states are still very high as compared to that of relatively developed states like Punjab Thus, the rural poverty ratio is still 2012 high in Orissa, Bihar and North Eastern states. But the combined poverty ratio of the backward states during the period to gradually declined from But the essay of few other states in this regard has been found quite satisfactory.

Thus, while some states such as Punjab and Haryana have succeeded in population poverty by following the path of modernisation of Milk macromolecular level and 2012 agricultural growth, others have india on particular areas of development, e.

The Approach Paper of the Tenth Plan also recorded the projections of poverty level at the end of Tenth Plan prepared by the plan panel. As per this projection, it is found that if macro-economic and sectoral projections for the Tenth Plan are achieved, the poverty ratio in India should fall to While the urban poverty ratio is expected to drop to The poverty projections further show that 90 per cent of the population will be concentrated in eight states, such as Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam, Maharashtra and Rajasthan.